Hafez of Shiraz: The Poet of Mysticism and Love

Khwāja Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī, known simply as Hafez, was born in Shiraz, Persia (modern-day Iran), around 1315 CE and lived until about 1390 CE. He is celebrated as one of the greatest figures in Persian literature and is regarded not only as a master of lyric poetry but also as a voice that bridges spirituality, philosophy, and human emotion.

Hafez’s life unfolded during a turbulent era marked by political unrest, Mongol invasions, and shifting dynasties. Despite these upheavals, Shiraz, the city of his birth and death, remained a center of culture, art, and learning. Hafez grew up in this vibrant atmosphere, immersing himself in the study of theology, Qur’anic recitation, and Persian literary tradition. His name "Hafez," meaning "one who has memorized the Qur’an," reflects his mastery of the sacred text.

Though deeply rooted in Islamic mysticism (Sufism), Hafez’s poetry transcends rigid dogma. His verses weave together themes of divine love, earthly passion, the fleeting nature of life, the hypocrisy of the pious, and the intoxication of wine, used as a metaphor for spiritual ecstasy. This duality, sacred and profane, mystical and human, is what gives his poetry its timeless depth.

Hafez never sought political power nor patronage aggressively, but his wit and artistry made him both admired and feared by rulers. His poetry often critiques hypocrisy among religious and political elites while celebrating the liberating spirit of love and joy.

To this day, Hafez holds a unique place in Persian culture. His Divan (collected works) …